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    呼包鄂地区气候舒适度时空变化及其关键气象因子分析

    Spatial and temporal characteristics of climatic comfort and analysis of key meteorological factors in Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos region

    • 摘要: 基于1970—2019年呼和浩特、包头、鄂尔多斯(呼包鄂)地区25个气象站日值,以温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数及舒适度综合指数为气候舒适度评价指标,利用趋势分析法、M-K突变检验法、通径分析法,对该地区的气候舒适度指数变化特征、影响舒适度指数的关键气象因子及舒适日数的空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明: 呼包鄂地区近50 a的温湿指数、风效指数、舒适度综合指数呈显著上升趋势,着衣指数呈显著下降趋势; 综合舒适期为4—10月,舒适日数在5—9月达到68%—93%,其中6—8月全月为舒适或较舒适日,在20世纪90年代内蒙古中部气候变化背景下,温湿舒适性和风效舒适性向暖转变,人体综合舒适度越来越高,适宜居住、旅游和避暑; 影响该地区气候舒适度的关键气象因子是温度和风速,其次是日照; 舒适和较舒适日数整体呈“北少南多”分布,舒适日数分布整体呈波动变化,较舒适级日数整体持续增多。工业生产、人类活动、生态环境在一定程度上影响气候舒适和较舒适日数。

       

      Abstract: Based on the daily meteorological data in the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos region from 1970 to 2019, the daily temperature-humidity index (THI), wind-efficiency index (WEI), index of clothing (ICL), and comprehensive comfort index (CCI) were used as the evaluation index for climate comfort.The characteristics of the climate comfort index, the key meteorological factors affecting the index, and the spatial distribution characteristics of comfortable days in this region were analyzed using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and path analysis.The results show that WHI, WEI and CCI show a significant upward trend, while ICL shows a significant downward trend.The comfort period is from April to October.The number of comfortable days reaches 68%-93% from May to September.The whole period from June to August is comfortable or relatively comfortable.Under the background of climate change in central Inner Mongolia in the 1990s, the comfort of the temperature, humidity and wind efficiency changed towards warm.The comprehensive comfort of the human body is getting better and better, which is suitable to live, travel and take summer vacation.Temperature and wind speed are the key meteorological factors to affect the climate comfort in the region, followed by sunshine.The number of comfortable and relatively comfortable days is less in the north and than in the south.As a whole, the number of comfortable days shows a fluctuating change.Compared with comfortable days, the number of relatively comfortable days continuously increases.Industrial production, human activities and the ecological environment affect the number of comfortable or relatively comfortable days.This study provides a scientific basis for the evaluation of the human settlement environment and summer tourism conditions, rational development of tourism resources, optimal development of future urban agglomerations, and the industrial expansion of urban construction and human activities.It provides theoretical support for the analysis of climate comfort change characteristics and key meteorological factors in a specific region.

       

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